• Research Article

    Micropropagation of Lobelia chinensis Lour.: Influence of Medium Parameters on Plant Regeneration, Antioxidant Activity, and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation
    Xinlei Bai, Han-Sol Lee, Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, Hyuk-Joon Kwon, Soo-Ho Yeon, Jae-Yeong Ju, So-Young Park
    Chinese lobelia (Lobelia chinensis Lour.) is an important medicinal plant that is used in traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese medicine. The … + READ MORE
    Chinese lobelia (Lobelia chinensis Lour.) is an important medicinal plant that is used in traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese medicine. The goal of the current study was to develop an in vitro propagation technique for Lobelia chinensis. We have examined the effects of different media compositions on the regeneration of shoots from nodal cultures of Lobelia chinensis, including Murashige and Skoog (MS), Gamborg (B5), Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH), Woody plant (WPM), Chu (N6), and Nitsch and Nitsch (NLN) media. Similar to this, shoot regeneration was examined using MS medium of double (2.0), full (1.0), half (0.5), and quarter (0.25) strengths. The regeneration of shoots was also examined with additions of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7% (w/v) sucrose to MS media. For axillary shoot regeneration, full-strength MS medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose was shown to be the most effective of all the evaluated factors. On this medium, nodal explants optimally regenerated 4.5 shoots per explant and subsequently shoots involved in rooting on the same medium. The regenerated plants possessed abundant phenolics, flavonoids, and DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP antioxidant activities. High performance liquid chromatographic examination (HPLC) of the regenerated plants revealed an accumulation of myricetin and catechin in higher amounts. - COLLAPSE
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    1 June 2024

  • Research Article

    Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, and Total Anthocyanin Content of Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. Collected from 11 Regions of South Korea
    Da Hyun Lee, Jun Hyeok Kim, Chung Youl Park, Kyeong Min Kim, Hyeon Min Kim, Un Seup Shin, Do Hyun Kim, Chae Sun Na, Wan Geun Park
    We studied antioxidant activities of Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. from 11 regions in South Korea and blueberries, domestically produced and imported. Correlation analysis … + READ MORE
    We studied antioxidant activities of Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. from 11 regions in South Korea and blueberries, domestically produced and imported. Correlation analysis between V. oldhamii habitats, environmental factors, and antioxidant properties was conducted. DPPH RC50 values ranged from 220.44 to 902.38㎍/mL, ABTS from 524.29 to 1230.97 ㎍/mL, and FRAP from 1783.71 to 2235.78 ㎛ Fe (II)/g. V. oldhamii from Gumi showed highest DPPH activity, Taean and Haenam for ABTS, and Gimcheon for FRAP. V. oldhamii exhibited superior antioxidant activities compared to blueberries. Meteorological conditions correlated positively with ABTS and DPPH activities, negatively with wind speed and humidity affecting DPPH and phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents. Based on these findings, it is suggested that V. oldhamii fruits collected from Gimcheon and Gumi regions can be effectively utilized as natural antioxidants derived from plant materials. - COLLAPSE
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    1 June 2024

  • Research Article

    Rosa acicularis Leaves Exert Anti-Obesity Activity through AMPK-Dependent Lipolysis and Thermogenesis in Mouse Adipocytes, 3T3-L1 Cells
    Jeong Won Choi, Hyeok Jin Choi, Jin Boo Jeong
    In this study, we aimed to verify the anti-obesity activity of R. acicularis leaves (RAL) and elucidate its mechanism of action in … + READ MORE
    In this study, we aimed to verify the anti-obesity activity of R. acicularis leaves (RAL) and elucidate its mechanism of action in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. RAL dose-dependently inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets and triacylglycerol. RAL did not affect cell proliferation and survival in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells, but it inhibited cell proliferation in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. RAL increased ATGL, p-HSL, and HSL, and decreased perilipin-1 in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, RAL reduced lipid droplet accumulation and increased free glycerol content in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. RAL increased ATGL and HSL in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Also, RAL increased p-AMPK, PPARγ, UCP-1, and PGC-1α in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. AMPK inhibition by compound C attenuated RAL-mediated increase of ATGL, HSL, PPARγ, and UCP-1 in 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, it is thought that RAL may inhibit lipid accumulation through lipolysis and thermogenesis via the activation of AMPK in adipocytes. - COLLAPSE
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    1 June 2024

  • Research Article

    The Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Blueberry is through Suppression of NF-kB/Caspase-1 Activation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 Cells
    Mi-Ok Yang, Noh-Yil Myung
    Blueberry (BB), fruit of Vacciniumi, has been hailed as an antioxidant superfood. BB is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, phenolic … + READ MORE
    Blueberry (BB), fruit of Vacciniumi, has been hailed as an antioxidant superfood. BB is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, phenolic acids and known to have a variety of pharmacological actions. The purpose of this work is to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of BB in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophage. We explored the effects of BB on the production of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophage. Moreover, to investigate the molecular mechanisms by BB, we evaluated whether BB modulate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF)-kB pathway and caspase- 1 activation. The findings of this work demonstrated that BB alleviated the LPS-enhanced inflammatory cytokines and PGE2, as well as COX-2 levels. Additionally, we demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of BB occurs due to the attenuation of IκB-α degradation, NF-kB translocation and caspase-1 activation. Conclusively, these findings provide evidence that BB may be useful agents in the treatment of inflammation. - COLLAPSE
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    1 June 2024

  • Research Article

    Embryo Rescue Efficiency Affected by Developmental Stages of Embryo and Medium Composition in Early-Ripening Peach (Prunus persica)
    Sewon Oh, Byeonghyeon Yun, Se Hee Kim, Sang-Yun Cho, Namhee Jung, Kyung Ran Do, Kang Hee Cho, Hyun Ran Kim
    Embryos of early-ripening peaches could not achieve physiological maturation or undergo abortion before harvest. Embryo rescue is an effective strategy to rescue … + READ MORE
    Embryos of early-ripening peaches could not achieve physiological maturation or undergo abortion before harvest. Embryo rescue is an effective strategy to rescue embryos from early-ripening peaches. Thus, the current study was carried out to determine the appropriate developmental stage and optimal medium composition for embryo rescue in early-ripening peach. Development of open-pollinated ‘Yumi’ fruit was investigated from 20 to 90 days after full bloom (DAFB) to explore period occurring endocarp hardening. After endocarp hardening, embryo development was observed by light microscopes. Shoot and root meristems were observed at 65 DAFB and embryo size rapidly increased at 75 DAFB. Embryos collected at 75, 80, 85, and 90 DAFB were cultured on four media based on Driver and Kuniyuki (DKW) medium. Germination rate of embryos cultured on four media gradually increased from 75 to 90 DAFB and reached 100% at 90 DAFB. Notably, M3 medium (0.5 DKW supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 1.0 ㎎/L) displayed the highest germination rate at 75 and 80 DAFB stages. Growth and development of shoot and root were pronounced in plantlet cultured at 90 DAFB stage. While delayed shoot growth was evident in plantlets cultured at 75, 80, and 85 DAFB stages, this retardation could be overcome through the application of growth regulators, particularly in M3 and M4 (0.5 DKW supplemented with BAP 1.0 ㎎/L and indole-3-butyric acid 0.5 ㎎/L) media. Remarkably, roots of plantlet grown in M4 medium exhibited limited elongation. In conclusion, germination rate of embryo and growth of embryo cultured plantlet can be enhanced by collecting seeds from early-ripening ‘Yumi’ at the 90 DAFB stage and conducting embryo culture using the M3 medium. - COLLAPSE
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    1 June 2024

  • Research Article

    Univariate and Multivariate Analysis of Phenotypic Traits in Mung Beans Reveals Diversity Among Korean, Indian, and Chinese Accessions
    Kebede Taye Desta, Young-ah Jeon, Myoung-Jae Shin, Yu-Mi Choi, Jungyoon Yi, Hyemyeong Yoon
    This study investigated the diversity of 323 mung bean accessions from Korea, China, and India, along with six cultivars, using 22 agronomical … + READ MORE
    This study investigated the diversity of 323 mung bean accessions from Korea, China, and India, along with six cultivars, using 22 agronomical traits. The standardized Shannon-Weaver index (H') for the qualitative traits ranged from 0.11 (terminal leaflet shape) to 0.98 (pubescence density of pod). Likewise, the coefficient of variation for the quantitative traits ranged from 8.76% (days to maturity (DM)) to 79.91% (lodging rate (LR)), indicating a wide genetic variance. Hypocotyl color, pod color, seed shape, and seed coat surface lust showed different distributions among Korean, Indian, and Chinese accessions. Chinese accessions had the highest average germination rate, DM, days from flowering to maturity, and one-hundred seeds weight, followed by Korean and Indian accessions, while the number of seeds per pod (SPP) displayed the opposite trend, with all except SPP showing significant variation (p < 0.05). Similarly, plant height, days to flowering, and number of pods per plant increased in the order of India > Korea > China, with LR showing the opposite trend (p < 0.05). The mung bean accessions were grouped into four major clusters using hierarchical cluster analysis supported by principal component analyses, and all of the quantitative traits showed significant variations between the clusters (p < 0.05). Generally, the mung bean accessions investigated in this study exhibited wide phenotypic trait variations, which could be beneficial for future genomics studies. Moreover, this study identified 77 accessions that outperformed the controls. Consequently, these superior accessions could provide a wide spectrum of options during the development of improved mung bean varieties. - COLLAPSE
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    1 June 2024
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